(In Bengali and English)
āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž
āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨
āĻĄāĻžāĻ āĻ°āĻāĻ¤āĻļā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻž
āĻā§āĻāĻ¸āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ āĻ¨āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž
â¨đâ¨đâ¨đ
āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸āĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻā§ āĻā§āĻāĻ¸āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
â¨đâ¨đâ¨đâ¨đ
āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ ā§§: āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻāĻž
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§§: āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¸ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦ
āĻ¨āĻāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĒ (Urban Heat Island) āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦ
āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻžā§ āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨
āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦ
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§¨: āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦ
āĻšāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž (āĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨)
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦ
āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ
āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ ā§¨: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ āĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§Š: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻž
āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§Ē: āĻā§āĻāĻ¸āĻ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨
āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻĻ āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ (āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄā§āĻ¨)
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ (āĻ°āĻŋāĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§āĻžāĻ˛) āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯
āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ ā§Š: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸āĻžāĻŦā§
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§Ģ: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž
āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸
āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§Ŧ: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤āĻž
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦ
āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻž āĻ āĻā§āĻāĻ¸āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž
āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž
āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ ā§Ē: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§: āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ āĻ¨āĻāĻļāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž
āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¨ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§Ž: āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž
āĻāĻ˛āĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ
āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ
āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§āĻˇāĻŖ
āĻŽāĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ ā§Ģ: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻāĻ¨
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§¯: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ
āĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻ āĻ āĻā§āĻŦ-āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻāĻļāĻž (āĻŦāĻžā§ā§āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨)
āĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§ āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
āĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§§ā§Ļ: āĻā§āĻ¸ āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž
đâ¨đâ¨đ
āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§
āĻĄāĻžāĻ āĻ°āĻāĻ¤āĻļā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§ āĻ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇā§āĻŽāĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§:
āĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻĄ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨: āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ˛, āĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻ¸ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ āĻā§āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻā§ āĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¨: āĻĸāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĸāĻžāĻ˛āĻž, āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻāĻž āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨: āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ, āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻĒāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ¸āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨: āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻā§āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻšā§, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻžā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ¨: āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻāĻž, āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢāĻ˛āĨ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¯āĻž āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋā§ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨: āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻĨāĻž, āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻž, āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻŦ, āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§:
āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋāĻ¤ā§: āĻĢā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨, āĻāĻ¸āĻŋ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻāĻāĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžā§: āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻžā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻ°ā§āĻĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻāĻžā§āĻŋāĻ¤ā§: āĻāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§āĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻžā§āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻāĻž āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻā§ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻžā§āĻŋāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§: āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻ
āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ¤āĻžāĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻāĻž āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžā§āĻž, āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĒ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
ââââ
āĻāĻ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇāĻā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ: āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ-āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ¤āĻž
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž, āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻ¨āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ē āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻšāĻžāĻāĻ (ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¸) āĻŦāĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻ¯āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻ
āĻā§āĻ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯
āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻš:
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻāĻ¨ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž, āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§â
* āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§
* āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§
* āĻāĻ˛āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž (āĻĄāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻāĻĄā§āĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨) āĻšāĻ˛ā§
* āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§
āĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻš:
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§â
* āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž (ā§§ā§Ļā§Ē°F āĻŦāĻž ā§Ēā§Ļ°C-āĻāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ)
* āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨
* āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻĨāĻž, āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
* āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŽāĻŋ
* āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ
* āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻ āĻļā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
* āĻāĻŋāĻāĻā§āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻž:
āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋâ
* āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
* āĻā§āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻž
* āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ (āĻ¯ā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻšā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻ, āĻĄāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¸) āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻā§
* āĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
* āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
* āĻāĻ˛āĻļā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ:
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻā§ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯â
* āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ
* āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻāĻž, āĻĸāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĸāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
* āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§
* āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨
* āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨
* āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻšāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŖā§ā§:
āĻ¯āĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§, āĻ¤āĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻĒ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¨â
* āĻ¤āĻžā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž (āĻ
ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸) āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
* āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ (āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§)āĨ¤
* āĻ
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
* āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨, āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž āĻāĻ˛ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĨ¤
* āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻž āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¤āĻž:
āĻšāĻŋāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻ
āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŽā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ, āĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ¤āĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
đđđ
āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ˛āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻ˛ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĄāĻžāĻ āĻ
āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻĄ āĻļā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¨āĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¸ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¸āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻ§āĻ°ā§ āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻžā§āĻž, āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ āĻāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ˛ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻĒā§āĻ¨āĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻž
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ
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āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§āĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ
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āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ
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āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž:
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛: āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋāĻā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšā§, āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĻ¨, āĻā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻ āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§āĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
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āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ: āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻžā§āĻž āĻĻā§ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻļāĻĒāĻžāĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻļā§ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻ¤āĻž: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ¨āĻĻā§, āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻļā§ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ
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āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ:
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āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§, āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻš āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ
āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ°āĻļā§āĻ˛āĻ¤āĻž: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§ āĻā§āĻˇāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
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āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻāĻ āĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§āĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻāĻ¨āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ ā§: āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇāĻ¤ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ
āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻ°ā§ā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ
āĻāĻžāĻŦ: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§āĻŖ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻļāĻ˛:
āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻā§āĻļāĻ˛ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°: āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻŦā§āĻāĻžā§āĻ¨ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ: āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻšāĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ (āĻāĻ˛) āĻ¸āĻšāĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨: āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇāĻā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻžāĨ¤
āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§āĻŋ: āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻŋ: āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻ¤āĻž āĻļāĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻšāĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
āĻā§āĻāĻ¸āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž: āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ā§ āĻŦāĻšāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻāĻŽāĻŋā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻž āĻā§ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĨ¤
āĻāĻĒāĻ¸āĻāĻšāĻžāĻ°:
āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§ āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻļāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§ā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§āĻŖ āĻ
āĻā§āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻŦāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻžā§āĻ āĻ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ¨āĻļā§āĻ˛ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
đđđâ
āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§ āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ (āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻšā§āĻŽ) āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž āĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻāĻā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ˛ā§āĻˇāĻŖ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž āĻšāĻ˛ā§â
āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž:
1. āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž: āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻž āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ° āĻĨāĻžāĻā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇā§āĻŽā§ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻˇā§āĻŖ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
2. āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻ (āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻļāĻ¨) āĻā§āĻŖ: āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĒ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻļāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻžā§āĨ¤
3. āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻļā§āĻ°ā§: āĻļā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤āĻĒ āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻšā§, āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ āĻāĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
4. āĻā§ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨, āĻā§ āĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻĻāĻžāĻšā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĻā§ā§āĨ¤
5. āĻāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻšā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻž: āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āĻˇā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĻā§ā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§ā§ (āĻāĻ˛) āĻ¸āĻāĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ:
1. āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĨ¤
2. āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛: āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻŦāĻžā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ
āĻā§āĻ¸āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
3. āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻž āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¤ā§ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž: āĻā§āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻšāĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋā§āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĨ¤
4. āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¤āĻž: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§, āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ āĻā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
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Acknowledgement: AI.
Dr Rajatsubhra Mukhopadhyay (Sridoctor).
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Excessive heat can be a serious health concern world wide, especially during the summer months. Here are some tips to help you stay safe and cool:
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, juice, or sports drinks. Avoid sugary drinks, as they can dehydrate you.
Dress lightly: Wear loose-fitting, light-colored clothing.
Stay cool: Spend time in air-conditioned places, such as your home, a library, or a shopping mall. If you don't have air conditioning, take a cool shower or bath, or go for a swim.
Limit your activity: Avoid strenuous activity during the hottest part of the day. If you must be active, take breaks in the shade or in an air-conditioned place.
Eat light meals: Eat light, cool meals, such as salads or fruits. Avoid hot, heavy meals that can raise your body temperature.
Be aware of the signs of heatstroke: Heatstroke is a serious medical condition that can be fatal. Symptoms of heatstroke include a high body temperature, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
Here are some additional tips for staying cool in specific situations:
At home: Keep your home cool by using fans, air conditioners, and window coverings. You can also try cooking cool meals, such as salads or sandwiches.
At work: If you work outdoors, take breaks in the shade or in an air-conditioned place. Wear a hat and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun.
In the car: Never leave children or pets in a parked car, even for a few minutes. The temperature inside a car can quickly become dangerously hot.
When traveling: If you are traveling to a hot climate, be sure to pack light clothing and plenty of fluids. You should also plan your activities for the cooler parts of the day.
By following these tips, you can help protect yourself from the dangers of excessive heat.
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This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional.
Heatstroke is a severe heat-related illness that occurs when your body temperature rises to dangerous levels, typically above 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent serious complications, including organ damage and death. Here are some key points about heatstroke:
Causes: Heatstroke occurs when your body's cooling mechanisms, such as sweating, fail to regulate your temperature effectively. This can happen due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures, strenuous physical activity in hot weather, dehydration, or certain medical conditions.
Symptoms: Heatstroke symptoms can vary but often include:
High body temperature (above 104°F or 40°C)
Confusion, disorientation, or altered mental state
Headache, dizziness, or lightheadedness
Nausea or vomiting
Rapid breathing or heart rate
Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating
Seizures or loss of consciousness
Risk factors: Certain individuals are at higher risk of heatstroke, including:
Elderly individuals
Young children
People with chronic medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes)
Athletes or individuals who engage in strenuous physical activity in hot weather
People who work outdoors in hot environments
Individuals who are dehydrated or obese
Prevention: The best way to prevent heatstroke is to take precautions to avoid overheating. This includes:
Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially water and electrolyte-containing beverages
Wearing lightweight, loose-fitting clothing
Limiting exposure to heat and sun, especially during the hottest parts of the day
Taking breaks in cool or shaded areas
Avoiding strenuous physical activity in hot weather
Monitoring for symptoms of heat-related illness and seeking medical attention promptly if they occur If you suspect someone is experiencing heatstroke, take the following steps:
Call emergency services immediately.
Move the person to a cooler location, such as shade or an air-conditioned space.
Remove any unnecessary clothing.
Cool the person down by applying cool water or ice packs to their body, or by spraying them with a cool mist.
Monitor their breathing and consciousness. Remember, heatstroke is a serious medical condition that requires prompt treatment. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies, you can help protect yourself and others from this potentially life-threatening illness.
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This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. Reforestation and tree planting are important ways to combat climate change and improve the environment. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which helps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that are trapping heat and causing the planet to warm. Trees also help to clean the air and water, prevent soil erosion, and provide habitat for wildlife. Social awareness campaigns can play a vital role in promoting reforestation and tree planting. By educating the public about the importance of trees and the benefits of reforestation, we can encourage more people to get involved in these efforts. Social awareness campaigns can also help to raise money for reforestation projects and to create a sense of community around these efforts. Here are some ways that social awareness campaigns can help to promote reforestation and tree planting:
Educate the public about the importance of trees. Social awareness campaigns can provide information about the many benefits of trees, such as their role in carbon sequestration, air and water purification, and soil conservation.
Encourage people to get involved in reforestation projects. Social awareness campaigns can promote volunteer opportunities at reforestation sites and provide information about how people can donate to support these efforts.
Create a sense of community around reforestation. Social awareness campaigns can help to connect people who are interested in reforestation and create a sense of shared purpose.
Raise money for reforestation projects. Social awareness campaigns can be used to raise money from individuals, businesses, and foundations to support reforestation efforts. Here are some specific examples of how social awareness campaigns have been used to promote reforestation and tree planting:
The Arbor Day Foundation has a number of programs that encourage people to plant trees, such as the "Plant a Tree for Your Birthday" program and the "Trees for America" program.
The Nature Conservancy has a program called "Plant a Billion Trees" that aims to plant one billion trees by 2025.
The World Wildlife Fund has a program called "Forests for Life" that works to protect and restore forests around the world. By raising awareness about the importance of trees and the benefits of reforestation, we can encourage more people to get involved in these efforts and help to create a healthier planet for all.
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This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. Staying in a village area can offer some advantages when it comes to tackling excessive heat, but it also presents unique challenges. Here's a breakdown: Advantages:
Natural ventilation: Traditional village houses are often designed with natural ventilation in mind, with features like courtyards, open windows, and high ceilings that allow for better airflow.
Building materials: Traditional building materials like mud, thatch, and bamboo have good insulation properties, helping to keep houses cool during hot weather.
Green spaces: Villages often have more green spaces, such as trees and gardens, which provide shade and help to lower the surrounding temperature.
Proximity to water bodies: Some villages are located near water bodies like rivers or ponds, which can provide a cooling effect.
Community support: Village communities often have strong social networks, which can be helpful in sharing resources and information about coping with heat. Challenges:
Limited access to cooling technology: Air conditioners and other cooling devices may be less common in villages due to affordability or limited access to electricity.
Dependence on outdoor labor: Many villagers rely on outdoor labor for their livelihoods, such as agriculture or construction, which can expose them to extreme heat.
Limited access to healthcare: Access to healthcare facilities and medical professionals may be limited in some villages, making it difficult to get treatment for heat-related illnesses.
Vulnerable populations: Elderly individuals, children, and people with disabilities may be more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses in villages due to limited access to resources and support.
Lack of awareness: Awareness about the dangers of excessive heat and preventive measures may be lower in some villages due to limited access to information and education. Strategies for tackling excessive heat in village areas:
Promote traditional building techniques: Encourage the use of traditional building materials and designs that promote natural ventilation and insulation.
Increase green spaces: Plant more trees and create gardens around homes and public spaces to provide shade and lower temperatures.
Improve access to water: Ensure access to clean and safe drinking water, especially during hot weather.
Provide access to cooling centers: Establish community cooling centers in public buildings or community spaces where people can escape the heat.
Raise awareness: Educate villagers about the dangers of excessive heat, symptoms of heat-related illnesses, and preventive measures.
Strengthen healthcare services: Improve access to healthcare facilities and train healthcare professionals to recognize and treat heat-related illnesses.
Promote sustainable livelihoods: Encourage alternative livelihoods that are less dependent on outdoor labor during hot weather. By combining traditional knowledge with modern strategies, villages can effectively tackle excessive heat and create a more comfortable and resilient environment for their residents. This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional. Staying in a village area can offer some advantages when it comes to tackling excessive heat, but it also presents unique challenges. Here's a breakdown: Advantages:
Natural ventilation: Traditional village houses are often designed with natural ventilation in mind, with features like courtyards, open windows, and high ceilings that allow for better airflow.
Building materials: Traditional building materials like mud, thatch, and bamboo have good insulation properties, helping to keep houses cool during hot weather.
Green spaces: Villages often have more green spaces, such as trees and gardens, which provide shade and help to lower the surrounding temperature.
Proximity to water bodies: Some villages are located near water bodies like rivers or ponds, which can provide a cooling effect.
Community support: Village communities often have strong social networks, which can be helpful in sharing resources and information about coping with heat. Challenges:
Limited access to cooling technology: Air conditioners and other cooling devices may be less common in villages due to affordability or limited access to electricity.
Dependence on outdoor labor: Many villagers rely on outdoor labor for their livelihoods, such as agriculture or construction, which can expose them to extreme heat.
Limited access to healthcare: Access to healthcare facilities and medical professionals may be limited in some villages, making it difficult to get treatment for heat-related illnesses.
Vulnerable populations: Elderly individuals, children, and people with disabilities may be more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses in villages due to limited access to resources and support.
Lack of awareness: Awareness about the dangers of excessive heat and preventive measures may be lower in some villages due to limited access to information and education. Strategies for tackling excessive heat in village areas:
Promote traditional building techniques: Encourage the use of traditional building materials and designs that promote natural ventilation and insulation.
Increase green spaces: Plant more trees and create gardens around homes and public spaces to provide shade and lower temperatures.
Improve access to water: Ensure access to clean and safe drinking water, especially during hot weather.
Provide access to cooling centers: Establish community cooling centers in public buildings or community spaces where people can escape the heat.
Raise awareness: Educate villagers about the dangers of excessive heat, symptoms of heat-related illnesses, and preventive measures.
Strengthen healthcare services: Improve access to healthcare facilities and train healthcare professionals to recognize and treat heat-related illnesses.
Promote sustainable livelihoods: Encourage alternative livelihoods that are less dependent on outdoor labor during hot weather. By combining traditional knowledge with modern strategies, villages can effectively tackle excessive heat and create a more comfortable and resilient environment for their residents.
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Living in Underground Homes in the Future to Combat Excessive Heat
In the future, underground homes could be an effective solution to protect against extreme heat. Below is an analysis of their advantages and challengesâ
Advantages of Underground Homes:
1. Stable Temperature: Underground temperatures remain relatively constant, providing a cooler environment in summer and a warmer environment in winter.
2. Natural Insulation: Soil acts as a natural insulator, reducing the need for air conditioning.
3. Energy Efficiency: Less electricity is required for heating and cooling, leading to lower energy bills.
4. Protection from Storms and Natural Disasters: Underground homes provide safety from hurricanes, storms, and heatwaves.
5. Water Conservation: Some underground homes can utilize underground water reservoirs, which can be beneficial for storing drinking water.
Challenges of Underground Homes:
1. High Construction Costs: Excavation and building underground structures can be expensive.
2. Ventilation Issues: Without proper airflow, residents may face oxygen shortages.
3. Humidity and Dampness: Underground homes can be prone to moisture buildup, leading to mold and bacterial growth.
4. Limited Natural Light: There may be less access to sunlight, increasing the need for artificial lighting.
5. Drainage and Sewage Problems: Waterlogging can be a major issue during heavy rainfall, requiring efficient drainage systems.
Future Potential of Underground Homes
Due to global warming and environmental changes, underground housing may become a sustainable solution in the future. With advancements in technology, improvements in ventilation, sunlight penetration, and drainage can make these homes more practical.
In the coming years, both urban and rural areas might see an incr
ease in underground eco-friendly housing, especially in regions where rising temperatures make traditional living conditions challenging.
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Acknowledgement: AI.
Dr Rajatsubhra Mukhopadhyay (Sridoctor).